Let's break down how to tackle problems involving cylinders, cones, and spheres, focusing on volume and surface area. The key is to understand the formulas, visualize the shapes, and practice applying the formulas in different scenarios. 1. Know Your Formulas Inside and Out: Cylinder: Volume (V): πr²h (where r = radius of the base, h = height) Surface Area (SA): 2πr² + 2πrh (or 2πr(r + h)) (2πr² represents the area of the top and bottom circles, and 2πrh represents the area of the side) Cone: Volume (V): (1/3)πr²h (where r = radius of the base, h = height perpendicular to the base) Surface Area (SA): πr² + πrl (where r = radius of the base, l = slant height). Note: l can be found using the Pythagorean theorem: l² = r² + h² Sphere: Volume (V): (4/3)πr³ (where r = radius) Surface Area (SA): 4πr² (where r = radius) Mnemonic to Remember Volume: Cylinder: πr²h (Think: area of the base * height) Cone: (1/3)πr²h (Cone is 1/3 of the cylinder with the same radius and height...